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Teucrium_chamaedrys_1924

heort-clǣfre

noun, f., n-decl., 9 occ.

Type: plant

Last Update: 27.06.2011 15:59

Old-English: heorotclæfre, heortclæfre, heortclæffre, heortcleaure, heortleure,

Latin (Machine generated): CAMEDRIS, CAMEDUS, CAMEO..., CENOCEPHALEON,

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Reference Last Update: 18.10.2022 22:25

Meanings Last Update: 24.11.2009 12:42

  • A: plant: foreign "Introduced after 1500" (http://www.floralimages.co.uk/pteucrchama.htm).
    ? Teucrium chamaedrys L., wall germander, Edelgamander
  • B: plant: introduced According to Clapham (1962,337); no date of introduction given so possibly foreign in Anglo-Saxon times.
    ? Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., ribbed melilot, Echter Steinklee
  • C: plant: native
    ? Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.), spotted medick, Arabischer Schneckenklee
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Comments Last Update: 27.06.2011 15:58

  • Comment on (A): ? Teucrium chamaedrys L., wall germander, Edelgamander

    Cf. Hunger (1935,167) XXV: CHAMEDRIS = T. chamaedrys; also cf. Britten / Holland (19886, s.v.): Herteclowre = T. chamaedrys.

    Etymology: Lit. 'hart's clover, Hirschklee'; on the concep 'hart-, Hirsch-' cf. →hind-heoloþe, which probably denotes Teucrium scorodonia L., wood-sage, Salbei-Gamander.

  • Comment on (B): ? Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., ribbed melilot, Echter Steinklee

    Förster (1917,136,n.2): "Ne. hart-clover, hart's clover bedeutet den 'Steinklee' (Melilotus officinalis), und so mag auch schon das ae. heort-clǣfre diese kleeart bezeichnet haben." Lindheim does not commit himself to one or any other identification (cf. note on Dur 108).[1]

    L CENOCEPHALION denotes Antirrhinum orontium L., lesser snapdragon, Kleines Löwenmaul (cf. Andé 1985, s.v. CYNOCEPHALION) and does not match any of our identifications. The erroneous glossing can be explained:
    • in AntFö the gloss CAMELEON.G. wulfescamb (136,217) precedes CENOCEPHALEON heortclæfre
    • Laud 356: CENOCEPHALON UEL CAMELEON .I. wulfescamb
    • Laud 315: CAMEDRIS heortleure
    • Dur 80: CAMELEON UEL CAMEDRIS vuluescomb
    • Dur 108: CENOCEPHALEON heortcleaure

    Since the L names are not synonymous we have to assume three different lemmata (CAMEDRIS, CAMELEON, CENOCEPHALEON) for the model of these glosses, of which only CAMEDRIS and CAMELEON were originally glossed. Based on this evidence the (wrong) lemma (=CAMEDRIS) was either omitted (cf. AntFö), or two lemmata were combined in one gloss (cf. Laud 356 and Dur 80).

  • Comment on (C): ? Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.), spotted medick, Arabischer Schneckenklee

    Following Cockayne (1961,III,331) deVriend (1984, 294) suggests: „The Hellenic is Germander, Teucrium c., the English is Medicago maculata. Medicago is ‚spotted medic’, which resembles Melilotus officinalis. [...] The drawings in the Latin text show some resemblance with Teucrium chamaedris, a plant belonging to the order of the labiatae, the illustration in V does certainly not resemble a clover like plant. Medicago maculata has been suggested as the alternative in this chapter, because it is likely that the plant in CLXXXIII (MELILOT, no OE) is meant to be Melilotus officinalis."

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Occurrences Last Update: 08.11.2010 13:23

  • AntFö, 136, 218[2] CENOCEPHALEON heortclæfre
  • Br,WW, 296,7 CAMEDUS heortclæffre
  • D 11, Meritt 1961, X/11[3] CAMEO... heoro...
  • Dur, 108 CENOCEPHALEON heortcleaure
  • HA, XXV, 120/18 nsg Heortclæfre
  • HA, XXV, 120/19f asg þe man CHAMEDRIS 7 oþrum naman heortclæfre nemneþ
  • HA, XXV, 122/20[4] asg heortclæfran
  • HA, XXV, 16/5 nsg HAMEDRIS ƀ is heortclæfre
  • Laud, 315 CAMEDRIS heortleure
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Etymology Last Update: 27.06.2011 15:59

  • Etymology: Etymology-Comment:
  • Word-Formation:
  • Word-Formation-Comment:
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Images Last Update: 27.06.2011 15:59

? Teucrium chamaedrys L., wall germander, Edelgamander
Teucrium_chamaedrys_1924

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Fitch, Walter Hood. Illustrations of the British Flora: London: Reeve, 1924.

? Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., ribbed melilot, Echter Steinklee
Melilotus_officinalis_bd3_tafel_116

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

? Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.), spotted medick, Arabischer Schneckenklee
Medicago_arabica_bd3_tafel_119

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

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Research Literature

AntFö: Förster, Max. "Die altenglische Glossenhandschrift Plantinus 32 (Antwerpen) und Additional 32246 (London)." Anglia 41 (1917): 94-161.
Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
Laud: Stracke, J. Richard (ed.). The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Meritt, Herbert Dean. "Old English Glosses, Mostly Dry Point." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 60 (1961): 441-450.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum, 47.
MS London, British Library, Add. 32246.
MS Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, 1828-30.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Otho E.i.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Laud Misc. 567.
Van Arsdall, Anne. Medieval Herbal Remedies. Illustrations by Robby Poore. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.
Voss, Manfred. "Altenglische Glossen aus MS Brit. Library, Cotton Otho E.i." AAA 22:2 (1996): 179-203.
[1]:

The Gk name κυνοκεφάλιον found in Dioskorides IV,70 (Berendes 1902,404) is synonymous with ψυλλίον, Psyllium afrum L., African plantain, Schwarzer Flohsame, and the conceptually corresponding OE plant name is hundes hēafod (cf. s.v.), Antirrhinum orontium L., lesser snapdragon, Kleines Löwenmaul.

[2]:

J. CYNOCEPHALON.

[3]:

N.: "Read CAMEDUS: heorotclæfre; cf. WW 296,7." Rosier also reads heoro..[]; for me it looks like heorþ[]; cf. Junius 77, S.210: CAMEDRUS heorþ clæfre.

[4]:

Ch. XXVI; Hunger (1935,136): CAMEDRYS.