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Viscum_album_tafel_144

mistel

noun, f., o- decl., 12 occ.

Possible Types: plant, plant-product

Last Update: 01.12.2011 21:00

Old-English: mistel, mistil, mistel-, mistil-,

Latin (Machine generated): OCIMUM, OCIMUS, UISCUM, UISCUS,

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References Last Update: 19.10.2022 12:25

Meanings Last Update: 28.02.2010 09:29

  • A: plant: native
    Viscum album L., mistletoe, Laubholz-Mistel
  • B: plant-product
    -, birdlime, Vogelleim
  • C: plant: foreign
    Loranthus europaeus L, misteltoe, Eichenmistel
  • D: plant: native
    ??? Clinopodium vulgare L., cushion calamint, Gewöhnlicher Wirbeldost'
  • E: plant: foreign
    ??? Ocimum basilicum L., basil, Basilienkraut
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Comments Last Update: 19.07.2011 11:49

  • Comment on (A): Viscum album L., mistletoe, Laubholz-Mistel

    L VISCUM = 1. 'misteltoe', 2. 'birdlime'.

  • Comment on (B): -, birdlime, Vogelleim

    L VISCUM = 1. 'misteltoe', 2. 'birdlime'.

  • Comment on (C): Loranthus europaeus L, misteltoe, Eichenmistel

    L VISCUS / VISCUM can also denote L. europaeus (cf. André 1985, s.v. UISCUM), this mistle is not native to Britain.

  • Comment on (D): ??? Clinopodium vulgare L., cushion calamint, Gewöhnlicher Wirbeldost'

    The identification 'Clinopodium vulgare L.; cushion calamint; Gewöhnlicher Wirbeldost' and 'Ocimum basilicum L.; basil; Basilienkraut' (cf. BT, s.v. mistel I, CH, s.v. mistel 2, OED, s.v. missel 2) have to be refuted because they are based on the (wrong) assumption that these plants (which are in no way related to V. album) are the only identification the OE translator had for L OCIMUS (HA CXIX: HERBA OCIMUS ƀ is mistel).

    There is a more likely explanation: In the L HA, ch. CXIX (CARDUS SILUATICUS) OCIMUS is synonym with CHAMAELEON NIGER (Howald / Sigerist 1927,110,20), which is Cardopatium corymbosum (L.) Pers., black chamoelon, Schirmsaflor, a thistle-species (cf. André 1985, s.v.). Dioscorides has an other synonym: OKIMOIDES ("Dem Basilikon, βασιλικός (nach Nikander an Geruch) ähnlich." cf. Berendes 1902,269). The gloss mistel is understood more easily after reading Is. 17,9,25: CHAMAELEON, QUAE LATINE VISCARAGO VOCATUR EO QUOD VISCUM GIGNAT; IN QUO HAERENT AVES QUAE PROPRIA VOLUNTATE DESCENDUNT AD ESCAM.[1] The L lemma COCINIUM in Laud 1510 may be a corrupted COCCUM CNIDIUM 'cnidic berry', another synonym of CHAMAELEON NIGER (cf. André, 1985, s.v.).

    deVriend (1984,315) additionally suggests Calamintha clinopodium Berth.; D'Aronco (1998,56) literally translates the L lemma with Ocimum basilicum (followed by Van Arsdall 2002,200); Pollington (2000,141) prefers misteltoe.

  • Comment on (E): ??? Ocimum basilicum L., basil, Basilienkraut

    Cf. our discussion on Clinopodium vulgare.

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Occurrences Last Update: 23.11.2010 06:58

  • Br,WW, 299,28 OCIMUM mistel
  • ClSt, O 222 OCIMUM mistel
  • Cp, 2155 (U 185) UISCUS mistel
  • D 11, f.12v, col.3 OCIMUM mistel
  • D 11, Meritt 1961, X/3[2] UISCUS mistel
  • D 34, AhdGl 1, 319, 54[3] UISCUM mistil
  • Dur, 254 OCIMUS mistel
  • Ep, 1083 UISCUS mistil
  • HA, CXIX, 232/11 asg þē man OCIMUM 7 oþrum naman mistel nemneþ
  • HA, CXIX, 232/9 nsg Mistel
  • HA, CXIX, 254/12[4] nsg heo [=sigel hweorfa] hafaþ leaf neah swylce mistel
  • HA, CXIX, 46/15 nsg ocimus ƀ is mistel
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Etymology Last Update: 01.12.2011 21:00

  • Etymology: Gmc Etymology-Comment:

    mihs-tlo-> Gmc. mistilō; cf. OHG mistil, MHG mistel, ON only in the combination mistilteinn

  • Word-Formation: -el, -il, -ol
  • Word-Formation-Comment: suffix formation: *mist- 'excrements' + -el, basis no longer extant in OE
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External Reference Last Update: 27.05.2007 12:31

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Image Last Update: 01.12.2011 21:00

Viscum album L., mistletoe, Laubholz-Mistel
Viscum_album_tafel_144

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

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Research Literature

AhdGl: Steinmeyer, Elias und Eduard Sievers. Die althochdeutschen Glossen. Repr. 5 Bde. Hildesheim: Weidmann, 1999.
Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
ClSt: Stryker, William Garlington. The Latin-Old English Glossary in MS Cotton Cleopatra A III. Unpubl. diss. Stanford Univ.: 1952.
Cp: Hessels, John Henry. An Eighth-Century Latin Anglo-Saxon Glossary. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1890.
Cp: Lindsay, Wallace Martin. The Corpus Glossary. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1921.
Cp: Wynn, J. B. An Edition of the Anglo-Saxon Corpus Glosses. Unpubl. Diss. Oxford: 1961.
Dioscurides: Berendes, Julius, ed. Des Pedanios Dioskorides aus Anazarbos Arzneimittellehre in fünf Büchern. Übersetzt und mit Erklärungen versehen. Stuttgart: Enke, 1902.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
Ep, Erf: Pheifer, J.D. (ed.). Old English Glosses in the Epinal-Erfurt Glossary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974.
Ep: Brown, Alan Kelsey. The Epinal Glossary edited with Critical Commentary of the Vocabulary. Vol. I: Edition. Vol. II: Commentary. Diss., Stanford University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1969.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
Is: Isidorus Hispalensis. Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum Libri XX. Recogn. brevique adnot. crit. instruxit W. M. Lindsay. 1: Libros I - X continens. 2: Libros XI - XX continens. repr. 1911. (Scriptorum classicorum bibliotheca Oxoniensis) Oxonii: Typogr. Clarendoniano, 1966.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
André, Jacques. Les noms de plantes dans la Rome antique. Paris: Société d'édition 'les belles lettres', 1985.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
Bischoff, Bernard, et al. (eds.).. The Épinal, Erfurt, Werden and Corpus Glossaries. Early English manuscripts in facsimile 22. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1988.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Genaust, Helmut. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3., vollst. überarb. und erw. Auflage. Hamburg: Nikol, 2005.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Lendinara, Patrizia. "The Glossaries in London, BL, Cotton Cleopatra A. iii." In: _Mittelalterliche volkssprachige Glossen: Internationale Fachkonferenz des Zentrums für Mittelalterstudien der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2. bis 4. August 1999._ Ed. Rolf Bergmann, Elvira Glaser, and Claudine Moulin-Fankhänel. Heidelberg: Winter, 2001. 189-215.
Lindsay, Wallace Martin. Corpus, Épinal, Erfurt and Leyden Glossaries. Publications of the Philological Society VIII. London: Oxford University Press, 1921.
Meritt, Herbert Dean. "Old English Glosses, Mostly Dry Point." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 60 (1961): 441-450.
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Rusche, Philip Guthrie. The Cleopatra Glossaries. Diss. Yale Univ. Yale University, 1996.
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[1]:

Cf. Dioskorides III,8 (Berendes 1902,268; description of CHAMAELEON ALBUS, Atractylis gummifera L.; pine thistle; Mastixdistel): "Man hat es Ixia genannt, weil auf seiner Wurzel in einigen Gegenden ein Gummi [= ίξόν, VISCUM ] sich findet, welches die Frauen statt des Mastix gebrauchen." IXIA is synonym with CHAMAELEON NIGER (cf. André). In connection to Viscium album L. cf. Genaust (2005, s.v.): "lat. VISCUM "Mistel; daraus hergestellter Vogelleim" [...], das über eine alters Form *uiksos verwandt ist mit gr. ixós "Mistel"."

[2]:

Rosier: VISCUS mistel. ł [...] lus ubi testiculi ŝt; Junius 77, S.220: VISCUS, mistel. On the L interpretament cf. n.1: UISCUS, -ERA.

[3]:

Wrongly glossed: VISCUS, pl. VISCERA "entrails, Eingeweide" is intended; cf. context: PULPA UERO EST CARO, SINE PINGUEDINE [...] HANC PLERIQUE UISCUM MISTIL UOCANT.

[4]:

Ch. CXXXVII; source: Dioscorides, IV193 (Berendes 1902,474): "Das große Heliotropion [...] hat denen des Basilikum ähnliche Blätter."