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Cochlearia_anglica_1881

hæwen-hnydele

noun, f., n-decl., 8 occ.

Type: plant

Last Update: 26.06.2014 21:34

Old-English: hæwen hnydele, hæwen hydele, hæwenydele, heavenhnidele, henephydele,

Latin (Machine generated): BRITTANICA, BRITTANICE,

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Meanings Last Update: 26.06.2014 21:34

  • C: plant: native
    Cochlearia anglica L., scurvygrass, Englisches Löffelkraut
  • D: plant: native
    Succisa pratensis Moench, Devil's bit scabious, Gewöhnlicher Teufelsabbiss
  • E: plant: native
    Centaurea cyanus L., cornflower, Kornblume
  • B: plant: native Several native species.
    ? Rumex L, dock species, Ampfer-Art
  • A: plant: native Several native species.
    ??? Galeopsis L., hemp nettle, Hohlzahn
  • F: plant: native
    ??? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume
  • G: plant: foreign Probably extinct in BI (cf. Clapham 1962,832)
    ??? Inula britannica L., British elecampane, Ufer-Alant
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Comments Last Update: 23.11.2011 21:25

  • Comment on (A): ??? Galeopsis L., hemp nettle, Hohlzahn

    Cockayne (1962,II,329) suggested this identification which in Grattan / Singer (1951,88) became Lamium purpuraeum L., read dead-nettle, Rote Taubnessel. The identification is based on an assumed etymological connection to OE [LINKT netele]. But nettle seems to be related to Igmc. *ned- 'wind together, knot, zusammendrehen, knüpfen' and therefore has to be excluded.[1] Also cf. Biggam (1997,164f) on the etyology of hnydele.

  • Comment on (B): ? Rumex L, dock species, Ampfer-Art

    According to André (s.v.) BRITANNICA denotes a Rumex species.[2] D'Aronco (1998,50) suggests Rumex aquaticus L., red dock, Wasserampfer; or Rumex hydrolapathum L., great water-dock, Flussampfer; also suggested by Petitt (2001,233).

  • Comment on (C): Cochlearia anglica L., scurvygrass, Englisches Löffelkraut

    Identification based on L plant name, also suggested by Cockayne (1962,I,127) but see meaning A. According to Marzell (2000,1,1066f.) BRITANNICA is Cochlearia L., a plant which is used for its anti-scorbutic properties in HA[3] (indications which are mentioned as early as Pliny 25,212); cf. Biggam's study of this L plant name (1997,132-181).

  • Comment on (D): Succisa pratensis Moench, Devil's bit scabious, Gewöhnlicher Teufelsabbiss

    Biggam bases her conclusions on a minute study of both text (medical traditions and indications) and illustrations of the historical manuscripts (1997,132-177).

  • Comment on (E): Centaurea cyanus L., cornflower, Kornblume

    Based on ModE plant names Biggam (1997,167ff.) also suggests C. cyanus as possible identification although the medical indications do not match the historical tradition.

  • Comment on (F): ??? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume

    Hunt (1989, s.v. BRITANNICA) tentatively introduces this identification but his survey is based on later sources and may be a possible identification for a ME plant name but it is not applicable to the OE plant name cf. Biggam (1994,617) and s.v. →cū-slyppe.

  • Comment on (G): ??? Inula britannica L., British elecampane, Ufer-Alant

    Suggested by Storms without further explanation (1948,323).

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Occurrences Last Update: 04.08.2009 16:26

  • Br,WW, 296,23 BRITTANICE hæwenydele[4]
  • Dur, 68 BRITTANICA vihtmeresvyrt UEL heavenhnidele
  • HA, XXX, 126/4 nsg Hæwen[5] hydele
  • HA, XXX, 126/6 asg þe grecas brittanice 7 engle hæwen[6] hydele nemneþ
  • HA, XXX, 16/21 nsg britannice ƀ is hæwen hydele[7]
  • LA, 122/23 nsg hæwen[8] hnydele
  • LA, 98/19f asg hæwene hnydelan[9]
  • Laud, 228 BRITTANICA henephydele
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Etymology Last Update: 26.06.2014 21:34

  • Etymology: Etymology-Comment:
  • Word-Formation:
  • Word-Formation-Comment:
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Images Last Update: 26.06.2014 21:34

Cochlearia anglica L., scurvygrass, Englisches Löffelkraut
Cochlearia_anglica_1881
Kops, Jan, and F. W. van Eeden. Flora Batava of Afbeelding en Beschrijving van Nederlandsche Gevassen. XVI. Deel. Leiden: De Breuk en Smits, 1881.

Succisa pratensis Moench, Devil's bit scabious, Gewöhnlicher Teufelsabbiss
Succisa_pratensis

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Losch, Friedrich. Kräuterbuch. München: 1914.

Centaurea cyanus L., cornflower, Kornblume
Centaurea_cyanus_bd4_tafel_134

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

??? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume
Primula_veris_bd4_tafel_011

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

??? Inula britannica L., British elecampane, Ufer-Alant
Inula_britannica_1881

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Kops, Jan, and F. W. van Eeden. Flora Batava of Afbeelding en Beschrijving van Nederlandsche Gevassen. XVI. Deel. Leiden: De Breuk en Smits, 1881.

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Research Literature

Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
LA, Lor: Grattan, John Henry Grafton, and Charles Singer. Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1952.
Laud: Stracke, J. Richard (ed.). The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
LA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "[Lacnunga] Recipies." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 3. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 2-81.
LB: Leonhardi, Günther. Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
André, Jacques. Les noms de plantes dans la Rome antique. Paris: Société d'édition 'les belles lettres', 1985.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
Biggam, Carole P.. "_Hæwenhnydele_: An Anglo-Saxon Medicinal Plant." Botanical Journal of Scotland 46 (1994): 617-622.
Biggam, Carole P.. "Blue' in Old English: an Interdisciplinary Semantic Study. Costerus ; N.S.,110. Amsterdam / Atlanta (Georgia): Rodopi, 1997.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Grein, Christian-Wilhelm-Michael (ed.). Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie. Göttingen: Wigand, 1864.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Hunt, Tony. Plant Names of Mediaeval England. Cambridge: Brewer, 1989.
Marzell, Heinrich. Wörterbuch der deutschen Pflanzennamen. Mit Unterstützung der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Bearb. von Heinrich Marzell. Unter Mitw. von Wilhelm Wissmann. Köln: Parkland, 2000.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, 1828-30.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Laud Misc. 567.
Pettit, Edward, (ed. and trans.). Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: the 'Lacnunga'. Vol. I: Introduction, Text, Translation, and Appendices. Vol. II: Commentary and Bibliography. Mellen Critical Editions and Translations. 6A and 6B. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Mellen, 2001.
Storms, Godfrid (ed.). Anglo-Saxon Magic. Reprint of the 1948 ed. published by M. Nijhoff, The Hague. Norwood, Pa: Norwood Editions, 1975.
Van Arsdall, Anne. Medieval Herbal Remedies. Illustrations by Robby Poore. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.
[1]:

Cf. Lindheim"s note on Dur 68: "In hnydele eine "Nesselart" sehen zu. wollen (Cock.II 389), ist bei der ungesicher­ten Etymologie von "Nessel" nicht gut möglich. Auch das Farbadjektiv hæwen bietet keinen Anhaltspunkt, da es die verschieden­sten Farben (grau, grün, blau, purpurn) bezeichnen kann." We also have to note that in LA 98/19f hæwene hnydelan is printed as hæwene dile in a nearly identical recipe in Cockayne"s "Fly Leaf Leechdoms" (1951,I,374).

[2]:

"plante originaire de Frise, esp. de Rumex aquatique antiscorbutique (cf. CGL 3,587,40a, HERBA QUAE NASCITUR IN CISTERNA)". Also cf. MED, s.v. hudela.

[3]:

HA XXX: "Wiþ muþes sare".

[4]:

N.: "-h- before -y- blotted out. -l- after -y- struck out by the first scribe."

[5]:

MS H: hæwenen.

[6]:

MS H: hæwenen.

[7]:

Hilbelink: BRITTANICA ƀ is heawen hnydela; hæwen hnydele B; hæwen hydele H.

[8]:

Grattan / Singer (1951,122,A14): "hæwen (or hæwenu): hæwene MS. CL, a very late corruption."

[9]:

Grattan / Singer (1951,98,A.12): "First -n- above line, same hand."