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Cynoglossum_officinale_bd4_tafel_019

glōf-wyrt

noun, f., i-decl., 11 occ.

Type: plant

Last Update: 14.07.2014 17:36

Old-English: glofweart, glofvyrt, glofwyrt, glofuyrt, clofwurt,

Latin (Machine generated): AGRIMONIA ALPHA, APOLLI ANGLICE, APOLLINARIS, BUGLOSSAN,

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Reference Last Update: 25.11.2022 18:11

Meanings Last Update: 14.07.2014 17:36

  • D: plant: foreign
    Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, ashwagandha, Schlafbeere
  • A: plant: native
    Convallaria majalis L., lily of the yalley, Gewöhnliches Maiglöckchen
  • C: plant: native
    ? Digitalis purpurea L., foxglove, Roter Fingerhut
  • B: plant: native
    ?? Cynoglossum officinale L., hound's tongue, Gewöhnliche Hundezunge
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Comments Last Update: 31.05.2011 07:49

  • Comment on (A): Convallaria majalis L., lily of the yalley, Gewöhnliches Maiglöckchen

    HA Ch. XXIII: þeos wyrt þe man apollinarem 7 oþrum naman glofwyrt nemneþ; according to Cockayne (1962,II,389) the illustration depicts C. majalis: "drawn, but without the blooms, at Hb. art.xxiii, in MSS. A., G., T." Cf. Hunger (1935,167): APOLLONARIS = C. majalis. Normally APOLLONARIS denotes Hyoscyamus L. (cf. André, s.v.; Cockayne also notes this in 1962,III,328) therefore I think it is possible that the synonym STRICNON MANICON - based on a mix-up with MANICA, 'glove, Handschuh' - is the basis for the translation glōf-wyrt.[1] Hunt (1989,30) equates APOLLINARIS with C. majalis L.; D. purpurea L.; Mandragora officinarum L., devil's apple, Alraune; Solanum nigrum L., black nightshade, Schwarzer Nachtschatten.

    D'Aronco refutes this identification because the plant was included into the materia medica fairly late.

    Etymology: Lit. 'glove-wort'; the name refers to the flowers of C. majalis or Digitalis purpurea L., which look very much alike although the flowers of C. majalis are much smaller. There are no records of this name for Cynoglossum officinale L.

  • Comment on (B): ?? Cynoglossum officinale L., hound's tongue, Gewöhnliche Hundezunge

    HA, Ch. XLII: þeos wyrt þe grecas BUGLOSSAM 7 romane lingua BUBLA nemnaþ 7 eac engle glofwyrt 7 oþrum naman hundes tunge hataþ. C. majalis sometimes shares the name 'hound's tongue, Hundszunge' with C. officinale (because of the leaves, cf. Marzell 2000,1,1129) but not the name 'glove-wort, Handschuhkraut': therefore the equation glōfwyrt = hundestunge in HA probaby is an error (the equation with BUGLOSSA seems to be based on the form of the leaves). The equation AGRIMONIA ALPHA eathelferthing-vyrt UEL glofvyrt likely is a confusion with clifvyrt (cf. Dur 16: AGRIMONIA garcliue oththe clifvyrt).[2]

  • Comment on (C): ? Digitalis purpurea L., foxglove, Roter Fingerhut

    According to Lindheim (note on Dur 17): "glōfwyrt [ist …] wegen der handschuhar­tigen Blüte eine Bezeichnung für den 'Fingerhut' (Digitalis purpurea L.)". But this kind of flowers can also be found with C. majalis.

  • Comment on (D): Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, ashwagandha, Schlafbeere

    D'Aronco (1998,50) bases her identification on L APOLLONARIS, which is a name used for several poisonous plants (Hyoscyamus L., Mandragora L., Datura L.).

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Occurrences Last Update: 04.11.2010 14:29

  • Br,WW, 295,26 APOLLINARIS glofwyrt
  • C 36, Gough S.276 APOLLI ANGLICE bamfarri UEL glofweart[3]
  • D 11, Junius 77, S.206 APOLLINARIS glofwyrt
  • Dur, 17 AGRIMONIA ALPHA eathelferthingvyrt UEL glofvyrt
  • Dur, 71 BUGLOSSAN glofvyrt UEL hundestunge
  • HA, 120/1[4] nsg Glofwyrt
  • HA, 120/2[5] asg þe man APOLLINAREM 7 oþrum naman glofwyrt nemneþ
  • HA, 144/3[6] asg þe grecas BUGLOSSAM 7 romane lingua BUBULA nemnaþ 7 eac engle glofwyrt 7 oþrum naman hundes tunge hataþ
  • HA, 16/1[7] nsg APOLLINARIS. ƀ is glofwyrt
  • Laud, 154 APOLLINARIS glofwyrt
  • LB, 32/34 nasg glofwyrt
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Etymology Last Update: 14.07.2014 17:36

  • Etymology: Etymology-Comment:
  • Word-Formation:
  • Word-Formation-Comment:
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Images Last Update: 14.07.2014 17:36

Convallaria majalis L., lily of the yalley, Gewöhnliches Maiglöckchen
Convallaria_majalis_bd1_tafel_113

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

?? Cynoglossum officinale L., hound's tongue, Gewöhnliche Hundezunge
Cynoglossum_officinale_bd4_tafel_019

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

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Research Literature

Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW I: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 1. Bern, Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1975.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
DOE: Cameron, Angus, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette di Paolo Healey, et al. (eds.). Dictionary of Old English (A to G). CD-Rom. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies for the Dictionary of Old English Project, 2008.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
Laud: Stracke, J. Richard (ed.). The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
LB: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Leech Book." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 2. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Longman [et. al.], 1961. 1-360.
LB: Leonhardi, Günther. Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
André, Jacques. Les noms de plantes dans la Rome antique. Paris: Société d'édition 'les belles lettres', 1985.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
Bierbaumer, Peter. "Zu J.V. Goughs Ausgabe einiger altenglischer Glossen." Anglia 95, 1/2 (1977): 115-121.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
Deegan, Marilyn. A Critical Edition of MS. B.L. Royal 12.D.XVII: Bald's 'Leechbook'. Diss. Univ. of Manchester. 1988.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Gough, J. V. (ed.). "Some Old English Glosses." Anglia 92 (1974): 273-290.
Hankins, Freda Richards. Bald's 'Leechbook' Reconsidered. Diss. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1993.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Hunt, Tony. Plant Names of Mediaeval England. Cambridge: Brewer, 1989.
Marzell, Heinrich. Wörterbuch der deutschen Pflanzennamen. Mit Unterstützung der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Bearb. von Heinrich Marzell. Unter Mitw. von Wilhelm Wissmann. Köln: Parkland, 2000.
Meritt, Herbert Dean. "Old English Glosses, Mostly Dry Point." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 60 (1961): 441-450.
MS London, British Library, Royal 12 D.xvii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Ashmole 1431.
MS Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, 1828-30.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Otho E.i.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Laud Misc. 567.
Sauer, Hans. Patterns of loan-influence on the Medieval English plant names, with special reference to the influence of Greek. In: Foreign Influences on Medieval English, Eds. Jacek Fisiak, and Magdalana Bator. Studies in English medieval language and literature. 28. Frankfurt/Main: Lang, 2011. 55-76.
Van Arsdall, Anne. Medieval Herbal Remedies. Illustrations by Robby Poore. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.
Voss, Manfred. "Altenglische Glossen aus MS Brit. Library, Cotton Otho E.i." AAA 22:2 (1996): 179-203.
Wright, Cyril E. (ed.). Bald's Leechbook. Early English manuscripts in facsimile. 5. Kopenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1955.
[1]:

Cf. s.v. foxes glofa. Glōf often glosses MANICA; cf. WW.

[2]:

Lindheim"s index (1941,78) "glōf-wyrt "Odermennig"(?) 16,71" has to be corrected accordingly; note 16 has to be replaced with note 17.

[3]:

Cf. s.v. bamfarri, note.

[4]:

Ch. XXIII.

[5]:

Ch. XXIII.

[6]:

Ch. XLII.

[7]:

Ch. XXIII.