print
boþen
noun,
m.,
a-decl.,
22 occ.
Type: plant
Last Update: 21.04.2011 08:54
Old-English: bogen, boþe, boþen, bothen, (n.?), boðen, boþenes, boþene,
Latin (Machine generated): LOLIUM, ROSMARINUM, ROSMARINUM.I. UALERIANA UEL, STICAS, THYMO, HERBA,
↑ topMeanings Last Update: 21.04.2011 08:15
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D: plant: native
Senecio jacobaea L., common ragwort, Jakobs-Greiskraut -
A: plant: foreign Maybe introduced to England by the Romans or it could have been introduced at the beginning of the 14th century by Queen Phillipa's mother; Grieve (1931, s.v. rosemary) judges this story a legend. Clapham (1962) does not discuss the plant at all.
Rosmarinus officinalis L., rosemary, Rosmarin -
B: plant: introduced 'Introduced' according to Stace (1997), 'possibly native' accrding to Clapham (1962).
Ledum palustre L., Labrador-tea, Sumpf-Porst -
C: plant: introduced Labelled 'introduced' by Stace (1997), 'probably introduced' by Clapham (1962).
Chrysanthemum segetum L., corn marigold, Saat-Wucherblume
Comments Last Update: 24.11.2011 12:22
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Comment on (A): Rosmarinus officinalis L., rosemary, Rosmarin
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Comment on (B): Ledum palustre L., Labrador-tea, Sumpf-Porst
The identifications in A-C only work if boþen is identical with bogen, as most discussions suggest (cf. comment on meaning A).
For the possibility that boþen denotes L. palustre in stead of R. officinalis cf. Lindheim (1941, n. 290).
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Comment on (C): Chrysanthemum segetum L., corn marigold, Saat-Wucherblume
The identifications in A-C only work if boþen is identical with bogen, as most discussions suggest (cf. comment on meaning A).
Cf. the gloss of the 11th cent.: "LOLIUM, boþen; ET CETERA ADULTERINA GENERS, and oþre lyþre cynn" (WW 1976,179/44f.). An identification with Lolium temulentum L., as indicated by the L lemma LOLIUM, is not the only possibility: it could be any other field-weed - this is also suggested by the addition "ET CETERA ADULTERINA GENERS". One possiblility is C. segetum, especially if we look at the ME and ModE equivalents. MED, s.v. bothel : "From bothen with suff. Substitution; [...] (a) Rosemary (b) corn marigold [...]". Also cf. Britten/Holland (1886,59): "Bothen. Chrysanthemum segetum L. - Hants."
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Comment on (D): Senecio jacobaea L., common ragwort, Jakobs-Greiskraut
This identification is only possible if boþen is not identical with bogen. The meaning can be deduced from the ME dialectal plant name bowens.[2] Cf. Wright (1981, s.v.).: "Bowens, sb. Cum. Written booin. 1. Senecio jacobaea, ragwort. 2. S. vulqaris, groundsel." (s.v. Bowens). Also cf. Britten/Holland (1886,60): "Bowens. Senecio Jacobaea L. - Cumb."
Occurrences Last Update: 11.10.2010 06:23
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Images Last Update: 21.04.2011 08:54
Rosmarinus officinalis L., rosemary, Rosmarin |
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Botanical-Information: stylised plate Source: →reference-information
Thomé, Otto Wilhelm.
Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.
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Ledum palustre L., Labrador-tea, Sumpf-Porst |
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Botanical-Information: stylised plate Source: →reference-information
Thomé, Otto Wilhelm.
Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.
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Senecio jacobaea L., common ragwort, Jakobs-Greiskraut |
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Botanical-Information: stylised plate
Kops, Jan, and H. C. van Hall.
Flora Batava of Afbeelding en Beschrijving van Nederlandsche Gewassen. VI deel. Amsterdam: Sepp en Zoon, 1832.
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Senecio jacobaea L., common ragwort, Jakobs-Greiskraut |
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Botanical-Information: stylised plate Source: →reference-information
Thomé, Otto Wilhelm.
Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.
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Research Literature
AntK:
Kindschi, Lowell.
The Latin-Old English Glossaries in Planton-Moretus Manuscript 43 and British Museum Manuscript Additional 32,246. Unpubl. diss. Stanford University: 1955.
BW I:
Bierbaumer, Peter.
Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 1. Bern, Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1975.
BW II:
Bierbaumer, Peter.
Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III:
Bierbaumer, Peter.
Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
DOE:
Cameron, Angus, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette di Paolo Healey, et al. (eds.).
Dictionary of Old English (A to G). CD-Rom. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies for the Dictionary of Old English Project, 2008.
Dur:
Lindheim, B. von.
Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
HA:
Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.).
"Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
LA, Lor:
Grattan, John Henry Grafton, and Charles Singer.
Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1952.
Laud:
Stracke, J. Richard (ed.).
The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
LA:
Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.).
"[Lacnunga] Recipies." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 3. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 2-81.
LB:
Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.).
"Leech Book." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 2. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Longman [et. al.], 1961. 1-360.
LB:
Leonhardi, Günther.
Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
Prud:
Meritt, Herbert Dean.
The Old English Prudentius Glosses at Boulogne-sur-Mer.
Stanford studies in language and literature ; 16. Stanford: AMS P., 1967.
WW, Prosp, Br:
Wright, Thomas.
Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
André, Jacques.
Les noms de plantes dans la Rome antique. Paris: Société d'édition 'les belles lettres', 1985.
Berberich, Hugo, ed.
Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
Bierbaumer, Peter.
"Zu J.V. Goughs Ausgabe einiger altenglischer Glossen." Anglia 95, 1/2 (1977): 115-121.
Britten, James, and Robert Holland.
A Dictionary of English Plant-Names. London: Trübner, 1886.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds..
The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
Deegan, Marilyn.
A Critical Edition of MS. B.L. Royal 12.D.XVII: Bald's 'Leechbook'. Diss. Univ. of Manchester. 1988.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.).
The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Fischer, Hermann.
Mittelalterliche Pflanzenkunde. Geschichte der Wissenschaften. Geschichte der Botanik II. Nachdruck der Ausgabe 1929. München: 2001.
Gough, J. V. (ed.).
"Some Old English Glosses." Anglia 92 (1974): 273-290.
Grein, Christian-Wilhelm-Michael (ed.).
Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie. Göttingen: Wigand, 1864.
Hankins, Freda Richards.
Bald's 'Leechbook' Reconsidered. Diss. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1993.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.).
Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.).
Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.).
The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Marzell, Heinrich.
Wörterbuch der deutschen Pflanzennamen. Mit Unterstützung der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Bearb. von Heinrich Marzell. Unter Mitw. von Wilhelm Wissmann. Köln: Parkland, 2000.
MS London, British Library, Royal 12 D.xvii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Ashmole 1431.
MS Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum, 47.
MS Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bibliotheque Municipale, 189.
MS London, British Library, Add. 32246.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
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Olds, Barbara M..
The Anglo-Saxon Leechbook III: A Critical Edition and Translation. Diss. Univ. of Denver. 1985.
Pettit, Edward, (ed. and trans.).
Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: the 'Lacnunga'. Vol. I: Introduction, Text, Translation, and Appendices. Vol. II: Commentary and Bibliography. Mellen Critical Editions and Translations. 6A and 6B. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Mellen, 2001.
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Schmitt, Lorenz.
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Van Arsdall, Anne.
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Wright, Cyril E. (ed.).
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[1]:
Cf. Cockayne (1962,I,184,n.1).
[2]:
We take the suggestion for this identification from BTS, s.v. bogen.
[3]:
MS O bogen; Berberich (1902,119,n.2): "hs. boga/en mit über -a- gesetztem -e-; boþen V." Cf. s.v. bogen.
[4]:
Ch. CXLIX: stecas [...] ys boþene gelic.
[5]:
Originally the MS has bogenes; -þe- is written over -ge-.
The identifications in A-C only work if boþen is identical with bogen. This assumtion is supported by: (1) For LB 95/31 -þe- is written over -ge- in the MS. (2) MS O of the Herbarium Apuleii has the reading bogen for boþen in ch. LXXXI.[1] (3) The medical use of boþen in HA is similar to the one given in the LB (against toothache). There are also other examples for the interchange of -g- and -þ-: Cockayne (1961,III,314): ægelnoþ for æþelnoþ, and Schmitt (19008,171): eahtogan statt eahtoþan - but both these examples are not taken from the LB.
HA LXXXI: "þeos wyrt þe man ROSMARIM 7 oþrum naman boþen nemneþ" (Cockayne 1962,I,184). Fischer (2001,281): R. officinalis L.: ROSMARINUM(S), ROSMARIN. For the possibility that the OE lemma denotes Ledum palustre in stead of R. officinalis cf. Lindheim (1941, n. 290).
Glosses: L STICAS denotes a Lavendula species (Lavendula stoechas L.); the gloss boþen matches this interpretation because Lavendula angustifolia Mill. shares old names like ROSMARINUM, LIBANOTIS with R. officinalis (cf. Marzell 2000,2,1212). L THYMUS = Thymus vulgaris L., thyme, Thymian (cf. Cockayne 1961,III,373); it also goes with our interpretation as the G name 'Fremder Thymian' ('foreign thyme') for Lavendula stoechas indicates (cf. Marzell 2000,2,1212). But the glosses could also have been influenced by the Prudentius glossary: HAEC APIFEX APIS AERIO/ RORE LIQUAT TENUIGUE THYMA. (RORE = abl. of ROS 'rope, Tau').
OE →feld-mædere and →sun-dēaw denote R. offcinalis; cf. especially →sun-dēaw, where we demonstrate that there is no diachronic connection between the OE plant name and ModE sundeaw (Drosera rotundifolia L., round-leaved sundeaw, Rundblättriger Sonnentau).
L VALERIANA is not recorded as a synonym of ROS MARINUS anywhere else. It denotes Valeriana celtica L., celtic valerian, Keltischer Baldrian also referred to as 'Nard celtique, Spic celtique' (André 1985, s.v.). As a very fragrant herb it was, just like Lavendula species and probably R. officinalis, a substitute for the high-priced oriental spicenard.