hind-berie

Old-English: hindberge, hindbergen, hindberiae, hindberiæ, hindberien, hindberige, hintbere, hyndberige, imbrae rae (?), hindberige,

Latin (Machine generated): ACIMUS, ACINUM, AEMUM, ERIMIGIO, ERIMIO, ERIMO, ERMIGIO, FLAGA, []AGA,

• →berie;
• →hind-brēr;

• A: plant: native
  Rubus idaeus L., raspberry, Himbeere
• B: plant-part: native
  Rubi idaei fructus, raspberry, Himbeere

• Comment on (A): Rubus idaeus L., raspberry, Himbeere

  The OE plant name does not only denote the raspberry fruit but also the whole plant. ERIMIGIO, etc. seems to be related to ACINUS (cf. CGL 1888,VI,17: FLORES DE ACINA, ERIMIO), but cf. Pheifer's explanation "ERIMIO = Gr. ήρύγγιον 'eryngo, seaholly'". On FLAGA (= FRAGA) cf. s.vv. →strēaw-berge, and →heorot-berie.

  On ACINUM cf. Meritt (1976,111): "Concerning the entry ACINUM hindberiæ note 69 remarks that hindberiæ 'raspberry' does not fit ACINUM 'grape, Weinbeere' and queries if the gloss could be a mistake for winberige. Later at note 352 it is suggested that ACINUS may come from Vulg.Ecclus. 33,16 QUI COLLIGIT ACINOS. Fuller context there is ET EGO NOVISSIMUS EVIGILAVI ET QUASI QUI COLLIGIT ACINOS POST VINDEMIATORES. There NOVISSIMUS means 'last, hindmost', OE hindema, and POST means 'after, behind', OE hinder, and these words perhaps account for hind in the gloss hindberiæ."

  Rusche (2003,185f.) tries to relate the gloss to Dioscorides' De materia medica: "I would suggest that the word ACINUM was originally a Latin gloss on BOTRUS, which, if the De materia medica was the source, would have occurred next to AMBROSIA in the original glossary. At some point in its transmission, the Greek lemma BOTRUS was dropped, the Latin gloss ACINUS took its place, and an Old English gloss was added, a scenario which is, in fact, fairly common in Anglo-Saxon copies of originally Greek-Latin glossaries. […] It does not seem likely to me that the Latin translation [of De Materia Medica] was the source for the glossary, but the use of the same word in the translation suggests that the origin of the entry 'ACINOS : hyndberige' was, in fact, the plant-name BOTRUS in the De materia medica. As for the Old English gloss hyndberige, it is likely that the gloss was originally simply berige, which is appropriate enough for both BOTRUS and ACINOS, but, at some point, the glossator or a scribe was influenced by the gloss hyndhæleþe in the following entry and added hynd-. This error must have occurred quite early in the transmission of the glossary, since it occurs not only in both the Durham and Laud Glossaries, but also Epinal-Erfurt and Second Cleopatra as well." Rusche refers to the Gk plant name BOTRYS (BOTRUS) of Dioscorides III,119(129) (Berendes 1902,340) which denotes Ambrosia maritima L., Strand-Ambrosie; since both L lemmata ACINUS and BOTRUS mean 'grape, Weinbeere' it is not clear how the Gk could relate to the OE plant name.

  But it could be a mistaken ADINUM, which in the L HA 88 is a synonym of RUBUS (Howald / Sigerist 1927,n.31). In general, L ACINUS denotes small berries normally in clusters (elder, pomegranate; cf. Georges 2007, s.v) maybe the (model) gloss was simply based on the optical resemblance of grape and raspberry referring to the drupelets forming the fruit.

  Etymology: The OE plant name suggests a connection to deer. Loewe (1913,161) interpretes the concept behind the plant names OE hindberge, OHG hintberi, NHG Himbeere in a way that bushes full of thornes like Rubus fruticosus L., bramble, Brombeere, or Rhamnus cathartica L., common buckthorn, Echter Kreuzdorn (→heorot-brēmel) are named after the male, horned animals (hart, Hirsch), lesst thorny bushes after the female, hornless animals (hind, Hirschkuh); but cf. Kluge (2000,s.v. Himbeere).

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