Research Literature
BW II:
Bierbaumer, Peter.
Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
LA, Lor:
Grattan, John Henry Grafton, and Charles Singer.
Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1952.
LA:
Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.).
"[Lacnunga] Recipies." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 3. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 2-81.
LB:
Leonhardi, Günther.
Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
Cameron, Malcolm Lawrence.
Anglo-Saxon Medicine. Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Grein, Christian-Wilhelm-Michael (ed.).
Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie. Göttingen: Wigand, 1864.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
Pettit, Edward, (ed. and trans.).
Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: the 'Lacnunga'. Vol. I: Introduction, Text, Translation, and Appendices. Vol. II: Commentary and Bibliography. Mellen Critical Editions and Translations. 6A and 6B. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Mellen, 2001.
Not recorded in BT(SC), the occurrences in ClH have to be corrected from LCD 160a into 163a.
Banham (1990,111) suggests: „This must surely refer to crabs, and presumably in contrast to apples that may be wild but not sour, perhaps crossed with cultivated varieties, or sour but not wild, perhaps cultivated themselves, but not both.“
Although different kinds of apples (cf. →æppel (1) were used, identifying a distinct species is nearly impossible for this period (cf. Banham 1990,107ff and Hagen 1995,50); archeobotanists tend towards normalising to Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.