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Sambucus_ebulus

weal-wyrt

noun, f., i-decl., 34 occ.

Type: plant

Last Update: 26.09.2011 09:43

Old-English: ualuyrt, valvyrt, vealvyrt, uualhuyrt, walhwyrt, walwyrt, wælwyrt, wealwyrt, wealewyrt, welwvrt, weallwyrt,

Latin (Machine generated): ALLEUUS, EBULE UEL EOBULUM, EBULUM, EBULUS, EBVLO, INTULA, [H]ELLE[OR]US,

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Reference Last Update: 27.12.2022 10:01

  • wyrt (1);
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Meanings Last Update: 04.01.2011 19:34

  • A: plant: native Doubtfully native (cf. Clapham 1964,787).
    Sambucus ebulus L., dwarf-elder, Attich
  • A: plant: introduced
    ? Inula helenium L., elecampane, Echter Alant
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Comments Last Update: 26.09.2011 09:41

  • Comment on (A): Sambucus ebulus L., dwarf-elder, Attich

    Cf. Laud 522 (EBULUS. I. welwvrt. SIUE ellenwyrt). Erhardt-Siebold's attempt (1925,162-164) to relate the name of S. ebulus to OE wōl 'plague Seuche' is not convincing.

    Etymology: According to Förster (1917,134) the original form was weall-wyrt to OE weall 'wall, Mauer' because S. ebulus was and is used as hedge plant. But this is not a characteristic use of this plant, therefore the argument is not convincing. Hoops (1889,65) suggests that it may be related to OE wæl 'battlefield, massacre, Walstatt, Gemetzel' (cf. Holthausen 1974,s.v.), referring to names like 'Danes' blood, blood hilder'. NED "wallwort [...] Sambucus Ebulus. OE. wealhwyrt, f. wealh foreign + wyrt WORT" has to be corrected accordingly. OE wealhwyrt denotes Inula helenium L. (cf. Förster 1917,134).

  • Comment on (A): ? Inula helenium L., elecampane, Echter Alant

    Cf. Förster (1917,133f.), who suggests Inula helenium L. (cf. →eh-heoloþe) as second meaning. But this meaning which relates to a wealwyrt derived from an older wealhwyrt is not possible for the LB because our plant name and →eolone occur together in two recipes.

    This meaning is not possible for the HA but cf. Dur 207 (INTULA valvyrt) and Laud 815 (INTULA. I. welwvrt) and the respective notes.

    Etymology: According to Förster (1917,133f,n.6.) there are two names: weall-wyrt for S. ebulus, and wealh-wyrt, which in NHG is lit. 'Welschkraut', a name for the mediterranean I. helenium. The diphthong in weal- (from wealh-) can either be long or short.[1]

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Occurrences Last Update: 04.02.2009 14:20

  • AntFö, 133,211 EBULUM walwyrt
  • Br,WW, 299,8 INTULA uualbwyrt
  • C 33.2, AldÆ Na 26, 57 EBVLO wælwyrt
  • ClSt, E 4 EBULUM waelwyrt
  • ClSt, I 390[2] INTULA wealewyrt
  • Cp, 1096(I 147) INTULA uualbwyrt
  • Cp, 733(E 11) EBULUM walhwyrt
  • D 11, f.5v, col.4 EBULUM walwyrt
  • Dur, 146 EBULE UEL EOBULUM vealvyrt UEL ellenvyrt
  • Dur, 207 INTULA valvyrt
  • Dur, 23 ALLEUUS[3] vealvyrt UEL ellenvyrt
  • Ep, 517 INTULA uualbwyrt
  • Erf, 393 EBULUM uualhuyrt
  • Erf, 517 INTULA uualbwyrt
  • HA, XCIII, 202/3 nsg Wælwyrt[4] vel ellenwyrt
  • HA, XCIII, 202/6 asg þe man ebulum 7 oþrum naman ellenwyrte[5] nemneþ 7 eac sume men wealwyrt hataþ
  • HA, XCIII, 38/8 nsg ebulus ƀ is wealwyrt[6]
  • LA, 150/1 nasg wælwyrt
  • LA, 158/2 nasg wælwyrt
  • Laud, 522 EBULUS welwvrt SIUE ellenwvrt
  • Laud, 815 INTULA welwvrt
  • LB, 20/40 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 21/11 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 22/3 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 22/6 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 27/14 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 33/15f gsg wealwyrte
  • LB, 36/16 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 36/30 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 37/2 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 37/4 asg wealwyrt
  • LB, 79/35[7] gsg wealwyrte
  • LB, 80/21 gsg wealwyrte
  • Ld, Holth. Nr. 123 [H]ELLE[OR]US ual[h]uyrt
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Etymology Last Update: 26.09.2011 09:43

  • Etymology: Etymology-Comment:
  • Word-Formation:
  • Word-Formation-Comment:
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Images Last Update: 26.09.2011 09:43

Sambucus ebulus L., dwarf-elder, Attich
Sambucus_ebulus

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Fitch, Walter Hood. Illustrations of the British Flora: London: Reeve, 1924.

? Inula helenium L., elecampane, Echter Alant
Inula_helenium_bd4_tafel_111

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

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Research Literature

AldVNa: Napier, Arthur Sampson. Old English Glosses. Anecdota Oxoniensia, Mediaeval and Modern Series. 11. Reprint of Oxford, Clarendon Press 1900. Hildesheim: Olms, 1969.
AntFö: Förster, Max. "Die altenglische Glossenhandschrift Plantinus 32 (Antwerpen) und Additional 32246 (London)." Anglia 41 (1917): 94-161.
Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW I: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 1. Bern, Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1975.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
ClSt: Stryker, William Garlington. The Latin-Old English Glossary in MS Cotton Cleopatra A III. Unpubl. diss. Stanford Univ.: 1952.
Cp: Hessels, John Henry. An Eighth-Century Latin Anglo-Saxon Glossary. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1890.
Cp: Lindsay, Wallace Martin. The Corpus Glossary. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1921.
Cp: Wynn, J. B. An Edition of the Anglo-Saxon Corpus Glosses. Unpubl. Diss. Oxford: 1961.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
Ep, Erf: Pheifer, J.D. (ed.). Old English Glosses in the Epinal-Erfurt Glossary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974.
Ep: Brown, Alan Kelsey. The Epinal Glossary edited with Critical Commentary of the Vocabulary. Vol. I: Edition. Vol. II: Commentary. Diss., Stanford University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1969.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
LA, Lor: Grattan, John Henry Grafton, and Charles Singer. Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1952.
Laud: Stracke, J. Richard (ed.). The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
LA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "[Lacnunga] Recipies." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 3. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 2-81.
LB: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Leech Book." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 2. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Longman [et. al.], 1961. 1-360.
LB: Leonhardi, Günther. Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
Ld: Glogger, Placidus. Das Leidener Glossar. Cod. Voss. lat. 4⁰ 69. 3 Teile in 4 Bdn. Teil 1 : Text der Handschrift Teil 2 : Erklärungsversuche Teil 3A : Verwandte Handschriften und Ergänzungen. Teil 3B : Indices. Augsburg: Pfeiffer, 1901.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
Bischoff, Bernard, et al. (eds.).. The Épinal, Erfurt, Werden and Corpus Glossaries. Early English manuscripts in facsimile 22. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1988.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
Deegan, Marilyn. A Critical Edition of MS. B.L. Royal 12.D.XVII: Bald's 'Leechbook'. Diss. Univ. of Manchester. 1988.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Grein, Christian-Wilhelm-Michael (ed.). Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie. Göttingen: Wigand, 1864.
Hankins, Freda Richards. Bald's 'Leechbook' Reconsidered. Diss. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1993.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Holthausen, Ferdinand. "Die Leidener Glossen." Englische Studien 50 (1916): 327-340.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
Lendinara, Patrizia. "The Glossaries in London, BL, Cotton Cleopatra A. iii." In: _Mittelalterliche volkssprachige Glossen: Internationale Fachkonferenz des Zentrums für Mittelalterstudien der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2. bis 4. August 1999._ Ed. Rolf Bergmann, Elvira Glaser, and Claudine Moulin-Fankhänel. Heidelberg: Winter, 2001. 189-215.
Lindsay, Wallace Martin. Corpus, Épinal, Erfurt and Leyden Glossaries. Publications of the Philological Society VIII. London: Oxford University Press, 1921.
Meritt, Herbert Dean. "Old English Glosses, Mostly Dry Point." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 60 (1961): 441-450.
MS London, British Library, Royal 12 D.xvii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS London, British Library, Royal 12 C.xxiii.
MS Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum, 47.
MS London, British Library, Add. 32246.
MS Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, 1828-30.
MS Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, 144.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
MS Epinal, Bibliotheque Municipale, 72.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Cleopatra A.iii.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Otho E.i.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Laud Misc. 567.
MS Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Allgemeinbibliothek, Amplonianus F.42.
MS Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Vossianus Lat. 4° 69.
Pettit, Edward, (ed. and trans.). Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: the 'Lacnunga'. Vol. I: Introduction, Text, Translation, and Appendices. Vol. II: Commentary and Bibliography. Mellen Critical Editions and Translations. 6A and 6B. Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter: Mellen, 2001.
Rusche, Philip Guthrie. The Cleopatra Glossaries. Diss. Yale Univ. Yale University, 1996.
Sauer, Hans. "Old English Plant-Names in the Epinal-Erfurt Glossary: Etymology, Word-Formation and Semantics." In: _Words, Lexemes, Concepts - approaches to the lexicon. Studies in honour of Leonhard Lipka._ Ed. Wolfgang Falkner and Hans-Jörg Schmidt. Tübingen: Narr, 1999. 23-38.
Storms, Godfrid (ed.). Anglo-Saxon Magic. Reprint of the 1948 ed. published by M. Nijhoff, The Hague. Norwood, Pa: Norwood Editions, 1975.
Van Arsdall, Anne. Medieval Herbal Remedies. Illustrations by Robby Poore. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.
Voss, Manfred. "Strykers Edition des alphabetischen Cleopatraglossars: Corrigenda und Addenda." AAA 13:2 (1988): 123-138.
Voss, Manfred. "Altenglische Glossen aus MS Brit. Library, Cotton Otho E.i." AAA 22:2 (1996): 179-203.
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[1]:

Cf. Sievers-Brunner (1965,§218): "Geht dem h ein Konsonant voraus, so wird bei dem Ausfall des h der vorhergehende Vokal nach Ausweis der Metrik gedehnt; doch erscheint vielfach auch Kürze."

[2]:

Sievers (1891,329): "lies weal(h)wyrt".

[3]:

Cf. s.v. ellenwyrt.

[4]:

MS B: walwurt.

[5]:

MS H: -wyrt.

[6]:

MS H: ellenwyrt.

[7]:

Cf. the note on this occurrence s.v. more(2).