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Colchicum_autumnale_bd1_tafel_117

grēate-wyrt

noun, f., i-decl., 9 occ.

Type: plant

Last Update: 31.05.2011 09:42

Old-English: getewurt, greatevyrt, greate wyrt, greatewyrt,

Latin (Machine generated): BERIBALBUM, GERIBULBUM, HIERIBULBUM,

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Reference Last Update: 21.11.2022 10:17

Meanings Last Update: 31.05.2011 09:05

  • C: plant: foreign M. atlanticum Mill. is the only species native to the BI.
    Muscari comosum Mill., tassel hyacinth, Schopfige Traubenhyazinthe
  • A: plant: native
    Colchicum autumnale L., meadow saffron, Herbstzeitlose
  • B: plant: native
    ?? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume
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Comments Last Update: 31.05.2011 09:32

  • Comment on (A): Colchicum autumnale L., meadow saffron, Herbstzeitlose

    Cf. Cockayne (1962,II,389): "Hb. xxii. HIERIBULUS, which according to Zedler is COLCHICUM; and this plant is drawn in MS. G.", and Hunger (1935,167). L HIERIBULUM (Gk. ίερό-βολβος) sometimes denotes C. autumnale; also cf. CGL 3,565,58: IRUBULUM .I. BULBUM AGRESTE, which is either C. autumnale or Narcissus L. (cf. André 1985, s.v. BULBUS).

    Etymology: The name grēate wyrt should probably not be transalted with 'great wort' but rather with 'coarse root' (cf. s.v. →wyrt), referring to the 7 cm long, bulbous root (cf. Hegi 1906,II,195) which is used in LB 81/24: þa greatan wyrt, ascrep þa greatan rind of.

  • Comment on (B): ?? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume

    Some specis of Primula have large roots (cf. Lindheim 1941,n.198) but the name 'holy bulb, Heilige Zwiebel' (Gk ίερό-βολβος) hardly seems to match this plant. Stracke (Laud, n.720) doubts Lindheim's identification: "The presence of warance in our gloss tends to support Cockayne's assertion. […] the use of warance beside Laud's getewurt might indicate that the plant in question is not Primrose but C. autumnale."

  • Comment on (C): Muscari comosum Mill., tassel hyacinth, Schopfige Traubenhyazinthe

    According to André (1985, s.v.) L HIERIBULBUM denotes M. comosum Mill.; looking at the plant image in the L HA (Howald / Sigerist 21) the flowers seem to support this identification[1]. But the plant is in all respects very similar to C. autumnale, especially in the bulbous root. Thus, it could still be that the OE translator identified the plant as C. autumnale.

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Occurrences Last Update: 04.11.2010 14:37

  • Br,WW, 298,7 BERIBALBUM greatewyrt
  • Dur, 198[2] HIERIBULBUM greatevyrt
  • HA, XXII, 118/12 nsg Greate wyrt
  • HA, XXII, 118/14 asg þe man HIERIBULBUM 7 oþrum naman greate wyrt nemneþ
  • HA, XXII, 14/22 nsg HIERIBULBUS[3] ƀ ys greate wyrt
  • Laud, 720 GERIBULBUM getetwurt. warance [4]
  • LB, 36/25 nsg greate wyrt
  • LB, 81/2 asg þa greatan wyrt
  • LB, 81/24 asg þa greatan wyrt
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Etymology Last Update: 31.05.2011 09:42

  • Etymology: Etymology-Comment:
  • Word-Formation:
  • Word-Formation-Comment:
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Images Last Update: 31.05.2011 09:42

Colchicum autumnale L., meadow saffron, Herbstzeitlose
Colchicum_autumnale_bd1_tafel_117

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

?? Primula veris L., cowslip, Echte Schlüsselblume
Primula_veris_bd4_tafel_011

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Source: →reference-information

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

Muscari comosum Mill., tassel hyacinth, Schopfige Traubenhyazinthe
Muscari_neglectum_bd1_tafel_134

Botanical-Information: stylised plate

Thomé, Otto Wilhelm. Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In 4 Mappen ; 531 Tafeln in naturgetreuen Farben mit 668 Pflanzenarten. Leipzip: Teubner, 1938.

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Research Literature

Br: Logeman, Henri. "Zu Wright-Wülker I, 204-303." Archiv 85 (1890): 316-318.
BW I: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 1. Bern, Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1975.
BW II: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 2. Bern, Frankfurt am Main, München: Lang, 1976.
BW III: Bierbaumer, Peter. Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen. Grazer Beiträge zur Englischen Philologie 3. Frankfurt am Main, Bern, Las Vegas: Lang, 1979.
CGL: Götz, G. (ed.). Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum a Gustavo Loewe incohatum. 7 vols. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1965.
DOE: Cameron, Angus, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette di Paolo Healey, et al. (eds.). Dictionary of Old English (A to G). CD-Rom. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies for the Dictionary of Old English Project, 2008.
Dur: Lindheim, B. von. Das Durhamer Pflanzenglossar. Beiträge zur englischen Philologie. 35. Bochum-Langendreer: Pöppinghaus, 1941.
HA: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Herbarium Apuleii Platonici." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Holland Press, 1961. 1-325.
Laud: Stracke, J. Richard (ed.). The Laud Herbal Glossary. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1974.
LB: Cockayne, Oswald Thomas (ed.). "Leech Book." In: Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part never before Printed, Illustrating the History of Sience in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vol. 2. Rev. Ed. by Charles Singer. London: Longman [et. al.], 1961. 1-360.
LB: Leonhardi, Günther. Kleinere angelsächsische Denkmäler I. Bibliothek der ags. Prosa VI. Hamburg: Grand, 1905.
WW, Prosp, Br: Wright, Thomas. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies. 2nd ed. by Richard Paul Wülcker. Reprint of the 1884 ed. published by Trübner, London. Vol. 1: Vocabularies. Vol. 2: Indices. New York: Gordon, 1976.
André, Jacques. Les noms de plantes dans la Rome antique. Paris: Société d'édition 'les belles lettres', 1985.
Berberich, Hugo, ed. Das Herbarium Apuleii nach einer früh-mittelenglischen Fassung. Anglistische Forschungen 5. Nachdruck Amsterdam, 1966. Heidelberg: Winter, 1902.
D'Aronco, Maria Amalia and M. L. Cameron, eds.. The Old English Illustrated Pharmacopoeia: British Library Cotton Vitellius C.III. Early English Manuscripts in Faksimile 27. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1998.
Deegan, Marilyn. A Critical Edition of MS. B.L. Royal 12.D.XVII: Bald's 'Leechbook'. Diss. Univ. of Manchester. 1988.
DeVriend, Hubert Jan (ed.). The 'Old English Herbarium' and 'Medicina de Quadrupedibus'. Early English Text Society. Original series 286. London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Hankins, Freda Richards. Bald's 'Leechbook' Reconsidered. Diss. Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1993.
Hilbelink, A.J.G. (ed.). Cotton MS Vitellius C III of the Herbarium Apuleii. Diss. Amsterdam: 1930.
Howald, Ernestus und Henricus Sigerist (eds.). Corpus Medicorum Latinorum. Bd.4. Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. Pseudoapulei Herbarius. Anonymi de Taxone Liber. Sexti Placiti Liber Medicinae ex Animalibus etc. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
Hunger, Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias (ed.). The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius. From the ninth-century manuscript in the abbey of Monte Cassino [Codex Casinen-sis 97] together with the first printed edition of Jon. Phil. de Lignamine [Editio princeps Romae 1481] both in facsimile, described and annotated by F.W.T. Hunger. Leyden: Brill, 1935.
MS London, British Library, Royal 12 D.xvii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 585.
MS London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius C iii.
MS London, British Library, Harley 6258b.
MS Brussels, Bibliotheque Royale, 1828-30.
MS Durham, Cathedral, Hunter 100.
MS Oxford, Bodleian, Laud Misc. 567.
Van Arsdall, Anne. Medieval Herbal Remedies. Illustrations by Robby Poore. New York and London: Routledge, 2002.
Wright, Cyril E. (ed.). Bald's Leechbook. Early English manuscripts in facsimile. 5. Kopenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger, 1955.
[1]:

Cf. the modern depiction of the plant.

[2]:

Dur 199: HIEREBULUM cusloppe. The double entry of the L lemma seems peculiar: in Dur OE tranlations are normally connected with UEL (cf. Dur 186: GENTIANA eorthnutu UEL feldvirt.

[3]:

Hilbelink: HIERIBULUM.

[4]:

Cf. Stracke (1974,720): "For OF. warance, compare WARENTIA, which is Madder, Rubia tinctorum (cf. FB,p.82), a plant used in the production of red dye. Since the Meadow saffron can be used for the same purpose, the use of warance [...] might indicate that the plant in question is [...] C. autumnale."